Power driven vibrator



NQV. 39 93@ A M, ANDls LQQVZ POWER DRIVEN VIBRATOR Filed April 9, 191542 Sheets-Sheet l 44- //%f 5 50 40 /5 Z473 A924322 75 7a INVENTOR 8%@www@ ATTORNEYS Nwo i139 1934a M. ANUS LQSQSSZ POWER DRIVEN VI BRATORFiled April 9, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. 13, 1934UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 23 Claims,

My invention relates to improvements in power driven vibrators, such ashair clippers.

In the construction of power driven hair clippers it is common practiceto vibrate the cutter blade upon a shearing comb plate which is setobliquely to the plane in which the actuating arm reciprocates. Thismakes possible the mounting of driving mechanism in a casing whichserves as a handle for the tool, and where 'the tool is to beelectrically driven the driving motor may also be mounted in such acasing, electromagnetic motors being usually preferred, whereby drivingarmatures may be vibrated at extremely high speed in correspondence withtheA :frequency of an alternating current.

In such vibrators it has heretofore been thought necessary toresiliently connect the armature with the tool or vibratory clipperblade in such a manner as to permit the blade to travel along thesurface of the obliquely disposed comb plate in a substantially straightline and in uniform pressure contact with the comb plate throughout itsstroke notwithstanding the fact that the armature was being vibrated ina plane to which the comb plate was obliquely positioned.

In electromagnetically operated hair clippers it has always beencustomary to mount the armature upon a resilient arm connecting one endoi the armature with the casing, whereby the armature could be swungtoward and from the electromagnetic pole piece without having positivepivotal connection with the casing or with an armature suppo mountedtherein. Such a spring provided for a retraction of the armature duringreversals of magnetic flux or motor control during deenergizing periods.Such a spring also allowed the armature to have a slight floatingmovement of accommodation to avoid cramping tendencies.

It was also tlwught necessary to utilize the armature connections toapply the desired tension to the vibratory cutter blade to hold it inpressure contact with the shearing comb plate. These features wereincorporated in hair clippers as heretofore made in order to solve theproblem of vibrating the cutter blade in a plane oblique to that inwhich the armature or driving arm vibrated, and While the features abovementioned solved that problem sufficiently to permit an extensivemanufacture of electromagnetic hair clippers of the type here discussed,it has been found necessary to provide for extremely nice adjustments,frequent readjustments, and to carefully design and proportion thevarious parts, all of which involved con siderable expense in additionto the expense of manufacturing vibratory tools, such as hair clippers,in which the tool or cutter blade vibrates plane in which the armaturevibrates.

The primary object oi the present invention is to provide means wherebya vibratory arm or armature may have a positive pivotal connection withan enclosing casing or handle for swinging movement about an axisperpendicular to the plane in which the tool or clipper blade vibrates,and which pivotal connection is oi such a character, (includinglocation), as to make possible a direct unyielding connection betweenthe armature and the blade.

it is a second important object oi the present invention to provide atool in which the casing performs solely the function' of a handle andan enclosure, and does not nx the relative positions of the parts withrespect to each other. For the purposes of the present invention thehair clipper illustrating the embodiment thereof is so designed that allci its mechanical parts are physically positioned with respect to eachother by means wholly independent oi the casing, whereby the clipper iswholly operable in the absence of the casing. This arrangement ensuresthe maintenance of proper adjustment of the parts, facilitatesmanufacture on a production basis, and faciltates assembly, disassembly,and repair. i

Further objects are to provide improved ten-= sion means for holding themovable blade to the shearing comb plate; to provide improved means forinitially adjusting the vibratory blade with reference to the armature;to provide means in one embodiment for adequately insulating the movableblade from the armature as a safeguard against accident in case theelectric current should become short-circuited to the armature; toprovide an improvedl pivotal connection between the armature and itsmounting, whereby the pivotal axis may be accuretely maintained in alineperpendicular. to the plane in which the' cutter blade vibrates; and toprovide means whereby the controlling switch may be mounted upon aremovable cap adapted to afford access to all the working parts withoutdisturbing the electrical connections.

This application is a continuation in part oi' my application Serial No.624,191, iled July 23, 1932, and entitled Power driven vibrators.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of an electromagnetino cally operated hairclipper embodying my invention, showing the cap in an inverted position,removed from the body f the casing.

Figure 2 is aside elevation, portions of the casingqand' of the bladesbeing shown in vertical section.

Figure 3 is a detail view, partly in horizonta. section, showing theconnection between the ar= mature and the vibrator-y blade.

Figure 4 is an enlarged detail view, partly in vertical section, showingthe pivotal connection between the armature and its mounting.

Figure 5 is a plan view of the lower portion of the casing and themodified embodiment of 'a power driven vibrator housed therein, aportion of the casing cover being shown in top plan view, with the nameplate removed to expose the tension spring.

Figure 61`is a view similar to Figure 2, showing partially in sideelevation and partially in section the vibrator mechanism of Figure 5and the casing therefor.

Figure 7 is a detail view in plan of the shear plate used in the deviceshown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 8 isa detail view in plan of thetension spring used in the device shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 9 isa fragmentary view similar to Figure 2, showing a modieddisposition of the tension spring with reference to the blades andbracket. Figure l0 is a fragmentary plan view of the parts shown inFigure 9, with the casing capping removed.

Like parts are identied by the same 'reference characters throughout theseveral views.

The casing body 10 and its cap plate 11 of my improved vibratormechanism are preferably composed of non-conductingmaterial, hard rubbercomposition, fibrous or otherwise, being preferred. The productcommercially known as bakelite will be found serviceable. Forelectromagnetic clippers I preferably employ a `three-pole magnet 12having its forward pole piece 13 connectedvwith the casing body by asingle screw 14 which extends through the pole piece-13 into a mountingboss 10' projecting upwardly from the base of the casing body. Iihescrew 14 is preferably socketed at its headed end to receive the coverscrew 15, as best shown in Figure 2.

The rear pole piece 17 of the electromagnet is similarly secured to a'mounting boss l0" by a screw 19. In the construction shown' in Figures1 to 4, inclusive, a mounting plate 22 will be clamped to the pole piece17 by the screws 18, and a rigid metal plate 23 will preferably. be

interposed -between the mounting plate 22 and the heads of the screws18, this plate 23 having a threaded socket to receive the cap screw 24,thus protecting the mounting plate 22 from being shifted inV positionwhen the cap` screw 24 is being tightene b To the mounting plate 22 ispivotally connected the rear end portion 26 of the armature bar 27.Portion 26 of the armature bar and the associated portion 28 of themounting-plate 22 are parallel to the plane in which the cutter blade 30vibrates, and also parallel to the bear- 4 ing surface of its associatedshearing comb plate 31, wherebyV` the portion 26 of the amature may bepivotally connected with the armature mounting for swinging movementabout an axis perpendicular to the plane in which the cutter'blade 30vibrates.

.To accurately. center this pivotal connection of the armature I providethe pivot pin or screw 35 with opposing centeringv cones 36, and I alsomount a bushing 37 in the amature bar aperture through which the pivotpin 35 passes. The margins of the bushing 37 areslightly beveled toreceive the centering cones 36, as best shown in Figure 4. The bushing37 is rigidly connected with the armature, being pressed into positiontherein. The centering cones 36 are threaded to the pivot pin 35 duringadjustment to bearing relation with the beveledfacesof the bushing.

The upper cone is locked by the nut 39, whereby, when the amaturevibrates, the bushing will oscillate upon the cone surfaces againstwhich it bears. t

This pivotal connection will preferably` be located substantially in thelongitudinal central plane of the casing 10, and the central portion ofthe armature bar will be oiset to extend along one side of the casingadjacent the pole faces of the electromagnet 12, a three-pole magnetbeing preferably employed. The forward end portion 40 of the armature.27 is aligned with the pivot pin 35 along the central plane of theclipper and is connected with the central portion of the blade 30,preferably near its rear margin, by two brackets 44 having laterallyextending lips or t: 45 secured to the blade by the screws 46.

In order that the portion 40 of the armature may be accuratelypositioned with reference to the blade 30 the arms 44 of the bracket areprovided withI apertures 49 to receive a clamping screw 50 havingclamping nuts 51 threaded to its respective ends.

The portion 40 of the armature is apertured to receive loosely the screw50. Clamped by the nuts 5l between the bracket members'44 and thearmature portion 40 are dielectric washers or gaskets 53 of ber, rubber,or the like. The connection made thereby is sumciently rigid to main#tain permanently the adjustment of armature and blade within the limitsmade possible by the loose fit of screw 50 in the aperture of thearmature.

Should the electric current become short circuited to the armature itwill not reach the cutter blade inasmuch as the latter is insulated fromthe armature by the non-conducting washer members 53.

With the above described construction the- Lthe arcuate deviation isinsumcient to interfere with the cutting emciency of the blade.

An important feature of the invention consists in the arrangementwhereby the shearing comb plate 31 is mechanically positioned withreference to the rest of the apparatus independently of the casing. Itwillbe noted that the com b plate is screwed to a bracket 54, riveted at54 to the frame or core of the electromagnet.

The armature 27 isnormally centered by means of reversely curved spring55 which resiliently opposes vibratory displacement of the armature andmovable blade 30 in eitheru direction. -One en'd of the` spring isanchored to an upstanding ange 56 on bracket 54, while the other end ofthe -spring is bolted directly to the armature extension 40.

Inorder to hold the vibratory clipper blade to the shear plate withproper tension, I provide a tension spring 57 of the form shown inFigure 8, the eye portions 58 of which are held by screws 59 to thebracket 54 upon which the shear plate spring 57 and the screws 59, thespring being ren- 150 iii@ dered immediately accessible by the mereremoval of the shear plate. The free ends ot the tension spring areengaged in holes in the vibratory blade 30, as clearly shown in Figure2, and the form of the spring is such as to bias the vibratory bladetoward the fixed shearing comb plate 31.

It is to be observed that in the preferred embodiment of the inventionshown in Figures 1 to 4, 7 and 8, the clipper mechanism is complete andoperative independently of the casing. The magnet core comprises a frameto which all other parts are directly or indirectly connected. Bracket28 fulcrums the pivoted end of the armature, and bracket 54 supports theshear plate, the tension spring, and the centering spring. The movableblade 30 is xed to the free end of the armature, and hence its path ofmovement is determined by a mechanical connection through the magnetfrom the very shear or comb plate upon which it operates, the connectionbetween the parts being entirely rigid save for the speciiic movementaccommodated by the armature fulcrum.

Also included in the unitary assembly is a shunt bar 72, preferablysupported at one end from the mounting 22 by a spring '73, its other endbeing adiustably held in the deslred spaced relation to one or more ofthe magnet poles by an adjusting screw 74 having an exterior operatingknob '75.

This armature bar is held with substantial rigidity in the desiredposition of adiustment, but by turning the screw the gap between it andthe associated pole piece or pole pieces may be varied and the strengthof the magnetic eld of the armature may thus be correspondingly varied.to suit the requirements for any given installaltion. The intensity ofthe current may vary at different locations or points of installations,but by tuning the armature for operation under a predetermined minimumstrength of current the shunt bar may be utilized to regulate theintensity of the magnetic field accordingly.

A switch box is socketed in the rear portion of the cap or cover plate11 and provided with clamping screws 66 and 67 which are re spectivelyconnected with the electrical conductors or leads 68 and 69 the latterbeing of suicientlength to allow the cap plate to be removed andinverted, as shown in Figure 1, without disengaging these leads. Theswitch may be operated by a sliding thumb piece 70 having a shankprojecting through a slot in the cap plate and connected with the switchmechanism. The particular structure oi the switch is not material to theinvention herein disclosed, and as any ordinary switch may be used,further description thereof is deemed unnecessary.

In Figures 5 and 6 I have illustrated a modified form of construction inwhich a portion 26a of an armature bar 27a, otherwise similar to thatdisclosed in Figures y1 to 4, inclusive, is provided with a sphericalknob 8O at its rear end which is seated in spherically rounded sockets81 and'82 formed in the mounting plates 83 and 84, respectively. Thesemounting plates have base anges and 86 which are secured to the bottomof the casing by suitable screws, as best shown in Figures 5 and 6.

The use of the spherical knob 80, socketed as above described, providesa universal joint connection with the casing which avoids the necessityfor precise accuracy in positioning the pivot pin disclosed in the otherviews. although when the adjustment has been made the armature bar 27awill vibrate about a pivotal axis perpendicular to the plane in whichthe cutter blade vibrates in substantially the same manner as in thestructure disclosed in Figures 1 to 4.

A shuntbar 72a is supported from one of the magnet pole pieces by aspring 73a, and at its other end is pressed from the casing by a screw74a. This shunt bar is similar to the shunt bar disclosed in Figures lto 4, inclusive.

In the construction shown in Figures 5 and 6 the cap plate 11 of theclipper casing body 10 is recessed at 60 to receive a tension spring 61formed into a loop, as clearly shown in Figure 5, with its intermediateportion bearing in a groove 62 in the top of the vibratory blade 30. Thefree ends of the spring are crossed and provided with eyes whichencircle the screws 64 used to position the name plate 65 on the outsideof the casing cover 11.

In this location the tension spring 6l, like that shown at 57, is freelyaccessible without opening the casing or exposing the clipper mechanism.Both tension springs are so designed as to provide the required tensionwithout requiring adjustment, changes being made by replacement whennecessary. Neither form of spring offers any substantial resistance tothe vibration of the blade, being formed to resist only the separationof the vibratory blade from the comb plate. Obviously, either form ofspring may be used in the different embodiments of the invention, therebeing nothing peculiar in either tension spring which requires its usein the specific embodiment in which it is shown. Y

Another construction which may be preferred because of its simplicityand which4 has all of the advantages of the construction shown inFigures 1 to 4, 7 and 8, is to be found in Figures 9 and 10. The shearplate 31 omits the channel 31' and is therefore identical with thatshown in Figure 6. The movable blade 30 is provided between ears 44 witha downwardly formed seat at 80, beyond which the blade is notched or cutaway as shown 81 in Figure l0. The bracket 54, rather than shear plate3l, is provided with a channel, designated by reference character 82,and providing a space suiciently large to receive the form of tensionspring shown at 83. The intermediate portion of this spring has a singleeye 84 engaged by screw 85 threaded into the channel portion 82 ofbracket 54. The free end portions of the tension spring each have asingle coil at 86' so that they will move with great exibility whenengaged with the shoulder or ange 80 of the vibratory clipper blade 30.

In this embodiment of the invention, like those above described, thetension spring is immediately accessible for replacement by removing theshear plate without opening the casing or disturbng or exposing theclipper mechanism or its electrical connections.

While the constructions shown in Figures 1 to 4, inclusive, 9 and 10have the advantage of unitary assembly of the mechanism, independentlyof the casing, the construction shown in Figures 5 and 6, wherein theshear plate is mounted on the casing, has the advantage that the cuttingmechanism which comes in contact with the patient is completelyinsulated, so that the patient will be protected from such shortcircuits as may occur within the device. The casing itself isdielectric. thereby insulating from the magnet and the armature and theswitch. the shear plate and the tension. The movable blade is insulatedfili@ as above noted by the dielectric washers interposed between thearmature and the blade.

While I have illustrated my invention as applied to a hair clipper ofthe vibratory type it will be understood that my invention is applicableto any type of tool to be electromagnetically vibrated or otherwisepower driven, and therefore I do not limit the scope of all of my claimsto hair clippers, since any other tool may be substituted for the cutterblade shown in the drawings, insofar as such tool may be operable undersimilar conditions.

Therefore, in some of the appended claims I employ the term actuatingarm in substitution for the word armature, and I referto the tool as avibratory tool in order that the scope of such claims may not be limitedto armature bars and cutter blades of a hair clipper.

I claim:

1. A vibratory tool having a vibratory actuating arm secured to the toolat one end and pivotally supported at the other end for movement aboutan axis perpendicular to the plane in which the tool vvibrates, saidtool being movable in a plane oblique to the plane in which the armvibrates, and the pivoted portion of the arm being substantiallyparallel to the plane in which the tool vibrates, whereby the tool maybe positively guided in a plane oblique 'to' that in which theintermediate portion of the arm vibrates.

2. A vibrator having in combination with a support for actuatingmechanism, a tool mounted at one end of the support for vibratorymovement in a plane oblique to the axis of said support, and anactuating arm connected with the tool at one end and having its otherend pivotally connected with the other end portion of the support formovement about an axis perpendicular to said oblique plane and alsooblique to the plane in which the intermediate portion of the arm moves.

3. A vibrator mechanism including the combination with a casing adaptedto serve as a handle, of a tool supporting member at one end of thecasing, positioned in a plane oblique to the axis of the handle, and atool actuating arm adapted tooperate a tool along said oblique toolSupportand pivotally mounted within the casing at a sufficient distancefrom said support to permit vibratory movement of the tool in an arc ofnegligible curvature within the range of its vibratory movement, saidarm having its pivotal axis perpendicular to the plane of the supportingmember, whereby a tool may be made to conform thereto and positivelyguided by the actuating arm. f

4. A hair clipper comprising the combination of an enclosing casingadapted to serve as a handle, a toothed comb plate obliquely positionedat one end of the casing, a cutter blade vibratory upon the comb plateand having teeth in shearing relation to the comb plate teeth, anactuating arm having one end connected with the cutter blade and itsopposite end pivotally supported for movement about an axisperpendicular to the plane of the face of the comb plate upon which thecutter blade vbrates and ata sucient distance from the comb plate teethto maintainthe teeth of the cutter blade in shearing relation to thoseof a comb plate having a straight shearing line along its forwardmargin.

5. A hair clipper having, in combination, a

handle, a comb plate obliquely positioned with reference to the axis ofthe handle, a cutter blade vibratory upon the comb plate, and anactuating arm having one end secured tothe cutter blade and anotherportion pivotally supported for movement about an axis substantiallyperpendicular thereto, said blade being dependent upon said arm for itsguidance Ain the course of its vibratorymovement upon the comb plate,and

means for applying power to an intermediate v nected with said supportand normally forming therewith a spring receiving recess extendingbetween the side margins of the shear plate rearwardly with reference tothe shearing margins of said plate and blade, said shear plate andvibratory blade having spaced portions, and a tension spring disposed insaid recess, connected with said plate support, and having a portionbearing on said vibratory blade and exerting biasing pressure thereon inthe direction of said shear plate.

7. An electromagnetic hair clipper comprising the combination with ahandle-like casing adapted to contain driving mechanism, anelectromagnet mounted in said casing and provided with a vibratoryarmature, a comb plate connected with the electromagnet in a planeoblique to the plane in which the central portion of the armature v1-brates, a cutter blade mounted for vibratory movement upon the combplate and having clamping engagement with one end of the armature, theother end of the armature having a portion in a plane parallel to theplane in which the cutter blade vibrates, and a support for said portionpivotally connected therewith, said support having adjustable conebearings for maintaining the blade in accurate shearing relation to thcomb plate while vibrating thereon.

8. In a power driven hair clipper, a cutter blade in combination with anactuating arm vibratory in a plane to which the cutter blade is oblique,said arm having at one end a substantially unyielding connection withthe blade and at4 its other end a supporting portion parallel with theblade and fulcrumed for movement about an axis perpendicular to, theplane in which the blade vibrates.

9. In a hair clipper having a handle-like casing and a comb platepositioned at one end of the casing obliquely to the axis of thecasing,` an electromagnet and a vibratory armature lwithin the casing, acutter blade xedly secured to one end of the armature and movable uponthe comb plate, a mounting for the armature secured to one of the magnetpole pieces and having an extension in a plane substantially parallelwith the comb plate and pivotally connected with the armature to permitarmature vibration in a swinging 10. The combination with a hair clippercasing having at one end a vibratory blade supported inl a plane obliqueto the axis ofthe casing,y

of an actuating arm connected .with said blade and provided with a fixedfulcrum point remote from the blade and adjacent to the other end of thecasing, said arm having its fulcrumed portion offset in a planesubstantially parallel with the-blade and supported for movement aboutan axis perpendicular to said oiset portion, whereby the blade may bevibrated upon a shearing plate and held by said arm in continuousconformity thereto and with uniform pressure of all portions of theblade thereon.

ll. In an electromagnetically operated hair clipper, the combinationwith an electromagnet, of a vibratory armature having one end obliquelypitched and pivotally supported for oscillation about an axis which isfixed with reference to the electromagnet, and a cutter blade secured tothe other end of the arm and similarly obliquely pitched substantiallyat right angles to said axis.

12. In a hair clipper the combination oi an elongated casing adapted toserve as a handle, an

electromagnet mounted in the casing, a vibratory armature bar having anobliquely pitched end portion pivotally supported at one end portion oithe casing, a shear plate mounted at the other end of the casing in aplane substantially parallel with the obliquely pitched end portion ofsaid arm, a vibratory cutter blade mounted on the shear plate andrigidly connected with the armature bar, and means for adjusting theconnectionsv of said bar with its pivotal support and with the vibratorycutter blade to position the cutter blade in accurate shearing relationto the shear plate.

13. In a hair clipper having an elongated casing provided with anobliquely positioned shear plate at one end provided with shearingteeth, the combination with the casingV and shear plate of a toothedvibratory cutter blade adapted to cooperate with the shearing plate forsubstantially straight line shearing, a blade actuating arm having oneend rigidly connected with the cutter blade and the other end pivotallysupported adjacent to the opposite end of the casing for movement aboutan axis perpendicular to the plane in which the blade lies, and meansfor adjusting the connections of the arm with the casing and with theblade to accurately position the blade for vibratory shearing movementsof its teeth along the teeth of shear plate, said casing having anelectromagnet associated with an intermediate portion of said arm forvibrating the same in a plane to which the blade is oblique.

14. A hair clipper comprising the combination with a shear plate and ahandle extending obliquely with reference to the shear plate, of avibratory cutter blade co-acting with said shear plate and movable in aplane parallel therewith, an actuating arm rigidly connected to saidcutter blade and upon which said blade is dependent for its position,said arm being lextended longitudinally of said handle and provided at apoint re'- mote from said shear plate with a pivotal support within saidhandle permitting vibratory movement of the arm upon an axis at rightangles to the plane of said shear plate, together with meansintermediate said shear plate and said axis for vibrating said arm andcutter blade, said arm being unitary from the pivotal connection to theblade.

15. In a hair clipper, the combination with a handle having a removablecap plate, of a shear blade connected with said handle, a vibratorycutting blade movable upon the face of the shear blade, and tensionmeans carried by said cap plate and comprising a single piece of wirehaving a resilient portion bearing directly upon the blade to urge it inthe direction of the shear blade.

16. In a hair clipper, the combination with a grooved blade, of atension spring comprising a coil bearing at an intermediate portion inthe groove or" said blade, and means engaging another portion of saidspring for the anchoring thereof.

17. In a hair clipper, the combination with a shear plate and avibratory blade, of a support and a tension spring comprising a loop ofspring wire with crossed ends, the ends being connected with the supportand the intermediate portion of the' loop bearing on the vibratory bladein a di- @5 rection biasing it into operative engagement with the shearplate.

18. In a hair clipper, the combination with a shear plate, a vibratoryblade provided with a groove and mechanism for vibrating said blade,fig@ of a casing housing said mechanism and extere nally provided with arecess, a plate applicable over said recess, means for holding saidplate to the outside of the casing, and a tension spring interposedbetween said plate and casing having crossed end portions engaged bysaid means, and an intermediate loop portion centrally engaged in thegroovey of said blade and exerting thereon a biasing pressure towardsaid shear plate.

19. In a hair clipper, the combination with ma a pair of relativelymovable blades, of means interposed therebetween and biasing one of saidblades toward the other.

20. In a hair clipper, the combination with a pair of blades havingtoothed portions in contact and other portions spaced to provide anintervening recess, of a spring housed within said recess fixed at onepoint with reference to one of said blades and'bearing elsewhere uponthe other o said blades with a biasing lpressure tending to hold saidblades together.

2l. In a hair clipper, the combination with a shear plate and a supporttherefor connected with said shear plate and having an intermediateportion spaced therefrom, of a vibratory blade 1 mountedon the shearplate, and a tension spring disposed in the space between said plate andsupport, connected with said support, and engaged with the vibratoryblade. Y

22. A hair clipper comprising the combination with a casing, of anoperating unit mechanically independent of said casing comprising ashear plate, magnet core and armature mounting in rigid connection, amagnet winding upon said core, an armature carried by said mounting, an125 armature cushioning and centering spring connected between saidarmature and core, and a vibrating blade connected with said armatureand operative upon said shear plate irrespective of the presence of saidcasing.

23. A hair clipper comprising the'comblnation with an enclosing casingadapted to serve as a. handle, of an operating mechanism within thecasing and having members relatively iixed with reference thereto, of ashearing comb plate supported from said members in a position oblique tothe axis of the casing, a cutter blade mounted upon said plate inshearing relation thereto, an actuating arm supported in the other endportion of the casing for swinging movement about an axis perpendicularto said comb plate, means for i'lxedly securing the other end of saidarm to the cutter blade, arm* actuating means in the central portion ofthe casing, and means associated with the front end portion of thecasing for resiliently pressing together the cutter blade and combplate. y

MATMW ANDIS.

